📋 Case Study

PJM Interconnection Forecast Audit Trail Implementation

Failed FERC audit due to missing provenance for model version deployed during June 2023 heatwave event

🏗️ Project Overview

1.4 GW distributed solar + storage portfolio across PA/NJ/DE

🎯 Challenge

Failed FERC audit due to missing provenance for model version deployed during June 2023 heatwave event

🔧 Design Approach

W3C PROV-O metadata pipeline integrated with MLflow and Apache Atlas; automated timestamped capture of training data lineage, hyperparameters, and ISO submission logs

📐 Design Diagram

AI-generated project design illustration

📐 Key Calculations

Provenance Graph Depth

max(hops from raw sensor → ISO submission)

Result: 7 hops

Meets FERC 888 §222.12(b) traceability requirement

Audit Log Retention

retention_months = max(36, 12 × forecast_horizon_years)

Result: 36 months

Exceeds FERC minimum retention

📊 Results

Passed PJM Forensic Audit Cycle Q3 2024; zero non-conformities; enabled automated evidence export for FERC Form 6Q

💡 Lessons Learned

• •All timestamps must be synced to NIST UTC via PTPv2 — GPS clocks insufficient
• •Every ISO submission payload must embed PROV-O hash in HTTP header

✅ Key Takeaways

• 1All timestamps must be synced to NIST UTC via PTPv2 — GPS clocks insufficient
• 2Every ISO submission payload must embed PROV-O hash in HTTP header